¡Campos y Fábricas, Para Los Sindicatos!
Fields and Factories, For the Unions! - United proletarian flags, symbol of the workers and basis for the victory of the workers of the world, by Luis García Gallo, late 1936 or early 1937
Fields and factories are represented in the background. The flags of the two strongest unions in Spain at the time, the anarchist Confederación Nacional del Trabajo (CNT) and the socialist Unión General de Trabajadores (UGT), are tied together in a show of unity.
Luis García Gallo – also known as ‘Coq’ – was born in Zamora in 1907 and lived in Bilbao. He provided cartoons for newspapers during the Civil War, including 'El Generalísimo' a satirical depiction of Franco, as well as a range of posters.
After the war he was interned in French concentration camps until he managed to get to Paris in 1941. Under the pseudonym Coq he was a very successful cartoonist. He died in 2001.
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The CNT was founded in November 1910, with a membership of 26,000 at a conference of workers societies in Barcelona and had its first national congress the following year. A general strike was immediately called in Barcelona and the CNT was declared illegal.
By 1919 there were 700,000 members. As the CNT grew, employers became more worried and hired armed thugs (pistoleros) to intimidate or assassinate union members.
The CNT took part in revolutionary strikes and uprisings throughout the period leading up to the 1936 Revolution and Civil War, including uprisings in Catalonia, Asturias and Andalusia. By 1937 the CNT had 1.5 million members.
From the start of the attempted coup in 1936, the CNT had a decisive role in events - pushing revolutionary land and factory collectivisation, but by May 1937 the Republican Government, under the influence of the Stalinist Spanish Communist Party (PCE), was reversing its achievements, suppressing the collectives, forcing militias to join the regular army or be disbanded and arresting militants.
The UGT was founded in 1888 and worked closely with the CNT (after its formation in 1910) until the reactionary dictatorship of Primo de Rivera (1923–1930) when it adopted a collaborative approach and continued to operate legally while the CNT was prohibited.
By 1931 the UGT had over a million members.
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