Books in all Branches of Knowledge
КНИГИ ПО ВСЕМ ОТРАСПЯМ ЗНАНИЯ - Books in all Branches of Knowledge by Alexander Rodchenko, 1924.
The poster was produced as an advert for the Leningrad State Publishing House (ЛЕНГИЗ - Lengiz, as seen on the left above and below the image of the woman), as part of a mass literacy programme.
Rodchenko was a painter, film maker, set designer and metalworker, using experimental techniques and promoting photography as an artform. He died in 1956, having been sidelined by Stalin because he didn't fit in with Socialist Realism.
The model shouting "books" was Lilya Brik, who was having an affair with the poet Mayakovsky at the time this poster was made. She later married a Soviet General who was executed in 1937 during the Trotskyist show trials. Stalin personally intervened to stop her execution. She committed suicide in 1978.
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In 1917, after three years of devastating war, food shortages and government corruption, the workers and peasants of Russia rose up to overthrow the ruling elite and attempted to create the world’s first communist society under the slogan “All Power to the Soviets”.
Throughout the year there were riots, mutinies and strikes, influenced by and involving Mensheviks, Anarchists, Social Revolutionaries and Bolsheviks.
By October, the Bolsheviks, who promised to end Russia’s involvement in the war, were able to overthrow the provisional government, which had been established after the abdication of the Tsar in February.
As the Bolsheviks centralised power and tightened their control over the new state, civil war broke out across Russia as monarchists and liberals (known as the Whites), supported by Western capitalist democracies, fought back against the Bolsheviks.
At the same time, various non-Russian independence movements, anarchists and anti-Bolshevik socialist parties rebelled against Bolshevik imposed terror.
By 1923 the Bolsheviks had defeated the White Army and suppressed internal dissent. The Civil War concluded with a Bolshevik victory.
Before the Revolution and throughout the period of the existence of the Soviet Union, visual propaganda was considered a significant means to inform, educate and motivate people.
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